![]() ![]() The piano’s drone ostinato creates a static, hollow soundscape that the vocal line must fill. The compositional textures prove to be just as enigmatic as the words themselves. The final line of the poem (“Shall I go with you? Will you play your hurdy-gurdy as I sing my songs?”) forever remains a rhetorical question but sheds a fleeting and again ironic light upon the connection the two men have to each other: solitude. Here, the desolate traveler notices a lone hurdy-gurdy player in the distance, ignored and unable to procure any alms. ![]() ![]() Where there is a definite sense of closure in Die Schöne Müllerin through the death of the protagonist, Winterreise leaves us with the esoteric Die Leiermann (24). While Schubert’s piano textures most obviously mimic the galloping of the postman’s horse, the rhythmic certainty could also be a nod to the narrator’s elation and his own heart that he references at the end of each stanza. For all the song’s optimism, one cannot help but conceive of a stinging irony in his excitement. Hearing a posthorn, he yearns for news from his beloved. This song also bears the first mention of crows, which become a sinister symbol moving forward as we hear in the haunting Die Krähe (15).ĭie Poste (13) marks both the halfway point and, fittingly, the highest emotional moment for the protagonist. Conflict becomes most overtly evident in the music of Frülingstraum (11), where there is a stark and sudden danger that overtakes the beguilingly pastoral opening. Müller’s text, however, says otherwise: the linden tree represents joy and sorrow, rest and nostalgia. Sonically, it is one of the rarer songs that exudes a wholly contemplative warmth and calm. What makes this all the more poignant is how the vocal line is still filled with a gentleness when the narrator bids his former lover goodnight.ĭer Lindenbaum (5) exemplifies the irony of contrast. Schubert’s writing amplifies the poem’s meaning and then some–the descending right hand piano figures which begin each stanza seem to symbolize the fatality that will pervade the rest of the cycle. Now alone, he recognizes the need for a quest, a journey that might somehow yield personal revelations. Whereas the opening of Die Schöne Müllerin (Das Wandern) has a resolute optimism, Winterreise’s Gute Nacht (1) is wistful and somber, making clear the precedent: though once betrothed to his beloved, the traveler’s circumstances have changed. The songs below highlight several important moments during the course of the journey. Perhaps this was Schubert’s way of portraying irony and fate or even conflict: hope vs. Because of this, music was changed forever.Two recurring themes in the cycle are contrast and the unexpected: on more than one occasion, there appears to be divergence, sometimes so subtle, between the character of the words and the music. Second, the German art song became a serious genre of classical music. The effect of this little song by the kid composer was twofold: first, the Romantic era embraced emotional writing and program music. Gretchen am spinnrade was just the beginning. She slowly starts spinning again, haltingly at first before returning to the constant rhythm at 2:34. Gretche stops spinning as she sings about his kiss (“Und ach, sein Kuß!” translates to mean “And ah! His kiss!”). Listen for the dramatic moment from 2:15 to 2:24. The piano accompaniment represents the spin of the wheel as she works: the right hand imitates the continuous motion of the spinning wheel, and the left hand represents the foot lever. Yes, the music tells the story of Gretchen thinking about Faust.
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![]() They serve food and let me tell you wow it was so delicious, I had their daily special, for only 7 bucks you get a burger, fries, and beer!! But what really kept me here all night was the girls!!! What a lineup they had, so many beautiful girls I couldnt help myself lol!!! You need to stop in and see for yourself, you wont regret it for sure! OMG I had such a blast I stayed all night! The bartenders are so wonderful and make such great drinks. Great place overall!Īmazing Club! I stopped in after work for a few drinks and to have some fun. I visited this club on a Saturday night when Rubber Doll was dancing.She is smoking HOT and put on an awesome show.The girls who work at the club were hot too and overall pretty nice.I hung out with two of the entertainers for most of the night which was nice they stuck around after I paid them for my lap dances.I drink vodka and they had a good selection which I was happy about.The only issue I had was I waited awhile for my drink at one point but it was really packed in there and the waitress was slammed so I didnt give her a hard time. Very disappointed with the entirety of our visit. So in the end she screwed herself for the rest of the night. I would like to point out that having been a waitress myself., my husband and I tend to over tip. Thieves dont deserve a penny in my opinion. ![]() When my husband said something she tried brushing it off like it was no big deal, we refused to leave the counter without the money and then refused to tip her afterwards. There was also one bartender who tried stealing a decent amount of money after we purchased a drink. I also didnt like that they didnt pay much attention to the customers and were more concerned with what the other stripper on stage was up to. I prefer thick girls, but the ones that Im speaking of were beyond thick and not in a good way. Their strippers werent all that attractive and more than one really shouldnt have been on the stage without clothing. We made sure to go on the weekend, since thats when most strip clubs have their best girls. My husband & I enjoy going to the strip club together, and last weekend we took the time to check out Rockstar. Domestic airfares have been more expensive in the 3.5 – 6 months before departure, so try not to book early.īook 6 months before international flights to save 10% on average 4 Travelers that book around six months in advance of international travel saved 10% on average compared to those who waited until two months out or less to book.īook with confidence using Price Tracking and Predictions on the Expedia app Last-minute flight deals are increasingly rare, so it’s smart to opt into price alerts on the Expedia app and get notified when fares are expected to be at their lowest – essentially taking the guesswork out of deciding when to book. Travelers that booked during that period saved 10% on average compared to those who waited until the last minute (0 – 2 weeks out).įor those who prefer to plan further in advance, booking domestic airfares any earlier than 113 days out has historically been more expensive, but may ensure you get your preferred flights. While the best day of the week to book has been Sunday for the past four years, travelers saved 5% more on average in 2022 compared to 2021.īook at least a month before domestic flights to save 10% on average 4 The sweet spot for snagging the best price on domestic flights falls between 28 – 35 days before departure – so about a month in advance of travel. When to bookīook on a Sunday to save up to 15% on average 3 Travelers who book on Sundays instead of Fridays tend to save, on average, around 5% on domestic flights and 15% on international flights. While overall capacity (airplane seats and flights available for a given route) has increased over the course of the year, according the Airline Reporting Corporation (ARC) and OAG’s global flight data platform, it still sits below 2019 levels as airlines work to fully restore operations to pre-pandemic levels 2.įrom when to book to maximizing loyalty perks, here’s Expedia’s guide to hacking travel in 2023. After peaking during the summer months, airfare prices dropped again for fall and are expected to rise again for the busy holiday period 1. Air travel is on the runway to recoveryĪverage ticket prices began to surpass 2019 levels in March and April this year, driven by the rebound in demand and lowering of travel restrictions. The main takeaway? Plan wisely by taking advantage of price alerts, as timing is KEY when it comes to hacking air travel. Thankfully, Expedia has released its 2023 Air Travel Hacks Report, providing data-backed tips to help save travelers time and money. But, if we’ve learned anything from 2022, traveling isn’t always so simple, as we encountered unpredictable flight prices, delays and cancellations. travelers can save on airfare by booking and traveling on this day to avoid flight delaysĪs we head into the holidays and a brand-new year, many travelers have already expanded their travel plans and aspirations. OneKe圜ash is not redeemable for cash and can only be used on Expedia, and Vrbo.By Expedia Team, on OctoExpedia’s 2023 Air Travel Hacks Report: U.S. Best time to book recommendation is based on average round-trip ticket prices for January through August for 2021 & average round-trip ticket prices for January through December for 2020, sourced from ARC's global airline sales database. Best month to depart recommendation is based on average round-trip ticket prices for January through December for 2020, sourced from ARC's global airline sales database. Best day of the week to book and best day of the week to depart is based on average round-trip ticket prices for January through August for 2021, sourced from ARC’s global airline sales database. While it’s impossible to guarantee when to find the lowest prices, after examining the variables, we were able to observe trends. *Data specialists from both ARC and Expedia Group analyzed ARC’s global flight data to distil actionable information to help people save money on travel. ![]() Plus, OneKe圜ash can be earned on top of airline miles. As a One Key member, you will earn OneKe圜ashTM for every eligible booking that you can use to save on future bookings. Plus, Expedia offers stunning cheap flight deals that can help you save with ease. We also offer hotels, car rentals, and even activities that you can purchase with package deals available for travelers planning more than one aspect of their trip at a time. ![]() Booking with Expedia makes finding a flight easy, but that’s just the beginning of everything you can take advantage of. I published a translation of The Odyssey in 2017, which Madeline very kindly reviewed. Otherwise, you want to lower your difficulty.This conversation took place in response to my new verse translation of Homer’s The Iliad (Norton, September 2023), for which I also wrote the introduction and notes. You never want to spend more than 2 seconds killing monsters. Once you reach 100, you will be farming Hell Mode anyway, so why not make a head start and get lucky on some drops for your hero.įarming Hell Mode on the highest possible difficulty at high speed will earn you the greatest amount of High-Quality Satanic gear at the fastest rate possible.Īs mentioned earlier, clear speed is essential. If you have enough gear to withstand Hell Mode, this will be your best source of experience, and the ability to drop gear that will be very useful for you. This way, you can very quickly navigate back to fields of battle after resetting (as a controller user). Personally, I like farming Fields of Battle, and then increasing the difficulty slider before creating the game. Then, the waypoint straight back to the same level and repeat the process. While looking for the exits, activate any waypoints you see on your path(don’t go out of your way to look for them) and enter any Unstable Rifts or Chaos Towers you come across, as both offer fantastic experiences when completed.Ĭhoose your favorite zone and select ‘Vote Reset’ in the start menu to reset the level. Once you have unlocked Hell mode, I recommend farming on a few acts on Nightmare mode, adjusting the difficulty slider as high as possible but maintaining a high kill speed. Farm Zones With a High Volume of Monsters and Minimal Obstacles This is also clear by the fact that your character will be sent back to the Town of Inoya after defeating him. The next difficulty will be unlocked once you defeat Mevius in Subconscious Mind (Act 7-5). I recommend finding the exit as quickly as possible to reach the next stage. You must complete them to start farming items on Hell mode, the highest difficulty. ![]() Finish the Campaign on Normal and Nightmare Difficultyįirst, I would focus on finishing the campaign in normal and Nightmare mode. We have a guide on quickly farm relics that you can read here. Relics that allow you to fly, increase movement speed, and grant all talents bonuses will greatly increase your overall map clear speed. ![]() ![]() Remember, do not fight monsters who are 20 levels above or below you, as you will not gain any experience from defeating them.Īfter crafting your items, they will drop on the floor near the blacksmith, and you will be fully kitted out to deal massive damage! RelicsĬollecting and hoarding relics throughout your leveling experience will significantly increase your experience rate.As soon as you stop 1-shotting monsters (until level 70), create a new set of items to further boost your damage again.It is especially important to get some decent boots early on so that you can move around the map quickly.Take the powder to the blacksmith on your new character to craft early legendary and mythic items, allowing you to shred through enemies from level 1, gaining tonnes of levels in no time. ![]() If you have already maxed out a character and have plenty of leftover legendary/mythic powder, put your powders into the stash so all your characters can access the powder.I will detail a guide to help you through the leveling process. To do this efficiently, you want to kill enemies so quickly that you never have to stop moving around the map. Kill as many monsters as possible in a short period at the highest level possible to maximize your experience rate. Leveling in Hero Siege is a straightforward process. Reaching level 100 allows you to equip any level-restricted item and grants you access to all your talents giving you the highest possible stats to crush through end-game content. How to Reach Level 100 Quickly in Hero Siege ![]() The wires are then tightened at each appointment to pull your teeth into the right positions across the treatment period. The metal brackets attach to the front of the teeth using glue/bonding cement and firmly hold the wires in place. Standard metal braces use brackets and archwires to gradually pull your teeth into the proper positions. Average treatments cost $5,000 to $6,000, including the placement of the braces, any adjustments and removal at the end of treatment. If your orthodontist recommends standard metal braces, your price should generally fall in the $3,000 to $7,000 range. Your orthodontist will assess your treatment needs and help you decide between all your options, including standard metal braces, self-ligating braces, ceramic braces, lingual braces and clear aligners. At-home clear aligners are often the most affordable option because they are relatively cheap to make and don’t require in-person orthodontic visits. Lingual braces, which require precise placement and extra care, cost the most of all types. ![]() Traditional metal braces cost $5,000 to $6,000, on average. There is wide variation in the cost of braces - mainly based on the type of treatment. You can then choose one that aligns with your preferences and budget. After performing a thorough examination and taking images or impressions, your orthodontist can let you know which options should provide your desired results. The right type of braces for a given situation depends on the wearer’s teeth and jaw. In addition to upfront costs, after-treatment retainers can cost $150 to $1,200.If you have dental insurance that covers braces, your policy may cover up to 50% of the costs.Starting costs for clear aligners are about $1,000 to $3,000.Traditional metal braces cost $5,000 to $6,000, on average, but prices vary considerably for different types.There are ways to make your braces more affordable. That’s a big range, with the total cost largely depending on your preferred type of braces, your overall treatment needs and your location. Whether you’re in the market for yourself or your child, braces can cost anywhere from $1,000 to $13,000. Before you get braces, one of your big questions is probably whether you can afford straighter teeth. Some of these games aren't exact remakes but evolution of original ones, which were eventually open sourced.Ī Clone is a game which is very similar to or heavily inspired by a game or series.Īn Official project is the official source code release for a game that was formerly closed-source, maintained by the original creators and has minimal changes.Ī Similar game is one which has similar gameplay but is not a clone.Ī Tool is not a game, but something that assists in playing or modding the game, such as a high resolution patch, or resource extractor. LibreGameWiki, the free gaming encyclopediaĪ Remake is a game where the executable and sometimes the assets as well are remade open source.Awesome Open Source Games, list of open source games and game-related projects that can be found on GitHub.List of Open Source Games, list of open source games in mature/beta state.Unix ASCII games, a list of opensource text-based games.Free Gamer, a blog dedicated to open source game news.Or at least you can play something to appreciate the effort people put in them. Since all these projects are open-source you can help them and make this world a better place. If you think that something is missing from the list - please go to our GitHub repository and create an issue or even a pull request! This site tries to gather open-source or source-available remakes of great old games in one place. We’re working on a solution for this.Abstract 7 Adult 12 Alternate Historical 11 Anime 10 Aquatic 3 Comedy 57 Crime 40 Cyberpunk 8 Egyptian 3 Espionage 14 Fantasy 148 Horror 44 Management 22 Martial Arts 2 Medieval 30 Meditative 1 Modern Military 13 Motorsports 2 Post-Apocalyptic 10 Prehistoric 3 Sci-Fi 147 Steampunk 3 Superhero 1 Vietnam 2 Western 4 World War I 1 World War II 7 If you restart the game after deleting the Offline Character Found character saving will work properly. One bug we’ve recently become aware of is if you delete an Offline Character Found character and then load or make another character, progress will not be saved. But, we can still make hotfixes if necessary. ![]() We are still working on bug fixes in the background as well, but they’re likely to be included in the 0.9.1 content update rather than a hotfix to 0.9. As you’ve probably heard, we’re gearing up for our next content release on May 25th, so we’re shifting focus towards finishing that update. Thank you all for continuing to report bugs and engage in the community.
![]() Over-the-counter medications: Many infections begin to respond immediately to antibiotics, but over-the-counter pain medications can help with pain and swelling.Some sufferers of dry sockets (this type of infection) swear by clove oil for pain relief, and many treatments include this as an active ingredient. Analgesic or topical dressing: For infected socket after tooth extraction, an analgesic dressing or other topical pain reliever can help ease pain.Antibiotics: Take the full course as directed by your doctor, even if you start feeling better.If you do find yourself with an infection after extraction, you may receive some or all of the following treatments. After your extraction, follow the dos and don’ts of tooth extraction aftercare and make sure to practice good oral hygiene as directed by your dentist.įollow-up visits are important to make sure the blood clot is in place and your stitches are clean and healing. The best infection after tooth extraction treatment is prevention. Call your emergency dentist, and if they are not available, go immediately to the closest emergency room. Fever and swelling in the jaw together, with or without difficulty breathing, means you may be experiencing potentially fatal sepsis (or are close to it). There are a few symptoms that are serious enough to trigger an immediate trip to the emergency room). Other common symptoms include pain or pressure across the sinuses and a feeling of fullness in the head.Ī deep neck infection may come with the same symptoms but must be diagnosed with an MRI. ![]() Patients who develop an ear infection as a result of tooth extraction may also experience ear pain and dizziness.
![]() The Pokémon Whiscash, named "Namazun" in Japan, resembles a catfish and has "earthquake" as its signature move.A giant catfish mimicking Namazu's habits appears as a boss figure in the video game Lufia II.In The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past, a catfish gives Link the Quake Medallion.In the Japanese version of Secret of Mana, the Earth Slide (Earthquake in the Japanese version) spell is a catfish icon in the ring menu.Namazu is also the name of a song on Danish singer Oh Land's first studio album Fauna, which features a large catfish on the album cover.The popular earthquake early warning mobile application Yurekuru Call also has a catfish as their icon. For example, the Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) logo by the Japan Meteorological Agency utilizes pictures of the catfish on devices capable of issuing an early warning. Catfish are depicted on pictures of emergency earthquake preparedness activities in Japan.( October 2021) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. One picture is printed with a jingle with the refrain " yo-naoshi, yo-naoshi, tate-naoshi" (literally "world-fixing, world-fixing, re-building", which explicitly makes this connection. A large amount of money went into the rebuilding effort, and the job opportunities resulted in a redistribution of wealth. The rich had hoarded their wealth but these were largely disgorged due to the earthquake, and redistributed to the world at large: such is the symbolism of the large gold coins ( koban, etc.) scattered by the earthquake depicted in the pictures. ![]() Įven though the Namazu was held responsible for the disaster, it was also ironically hailed as a yonaoshi daimyōjin (god of "world rectification"), that is to say, a sort of an "avenger of social injustice" which expressed the public's political sentiment at the time. The creature is sometimes referred to as just the "earthquake fish" ( jishin-no-uo), and despite the text calling it a catfish, the illustration may be that of a dragon-serpent. These namazu-e woodblock-prints encompass a large variety of scenes, typically depicting the god subduing the earthquake-causing catfish under a sword or the kanameishi stone. Namazu-e ( 鯰絵, "catfish prints") were a known item in the 19th century, and these broadsides were printed in great quantity following the 1855 earthquake near Edo (modern day Tokyo), one of the Ansei great earthquakes. ![]() In the 1930s, Japanese seismologists Shinkishi Hatai and Noboru Abe demonstrated that catfish in aquaria showed increased agitation several hours before earthquakes occurred, and were able to predict quakes with 80% accuracy. The anecdote, recorded in an 1856 chronicle of journalistic reporting on the earthquake, is the earliest known claim that catfish can naturally predict earthquakes. Prior to the 1855 Edo earthquake, an eel fisherman reportedly spotted unusually active catfish in a river, which he took as a predictor of an earthquake. Widespread connections between catfish and earthquakes in Japan were not present until the late 17th century, and only rose to popularity as symbolically causing or predicting earthquakes during the 19th century. When the Kashima-god lets his guard fall, Namazu thrashes about, causing violent earthquakes. According to myth, the god Takemikazuchi enshrined at Kashima restrains the catfish underneath a stone ( 要石, kaname-ishi, perhaps "foundation stone" but maybe more aptly "cap stone"). This earthquake-causing creature became associated with the deity and "foundation stone" in Kashima, Ibaraki. The namazu had been depicted in the Ōtsu-e ("pictures from the city of Otsu") which were manufactured in that area. The association of the namazu with earthquake seems to have first occurred in the area around Lake Biwa, around the 16th century. The legend or myth in Japan is that a gigantic namazu (catfish) lives inside or beneath the earth (or in the mud ) which causes earthquakes. The creature lives under the islands of Japan and is guarded by the god Takemikazuchi enshrined at Kashima, who restrains the catfish with a stone. In Japanese mythology, the Namazu ( 鯰) or Ōnamazu ( 大 鯰) is a giant underground catfish who causes earthquakes. ![]() Highway fuel economy is estimated to be as high as 34 mpg for front-wheel-drive models with the 2.0-liter four-cylinder. The EPA estimates that the Seltos will deliver fairly efficient MPG figures. Kia Updates Its Seltos Small SUV for 2024.2024 Kia Seltos Starts Just under $26,000.Tested: 2024 Kia Seltos Makes Life a Little Easier.When we get a chance to test the updated Seltos at our home base, we'll update this story with acceleration test results and more driving impressions. The Seltos offers a firm but mostly smooth ride, and handling is sharp for an SUV-it's far more entertaining and composed than rivals such as the Jeep Compass and Mitsubishi Outlander Sport. All-wheel drive comes standard on all but the S and EX trims. While the base engine is mated to a continuously variable automatic transmission (CVT), the turbo comes with an eight-speed automatic. At our test track, the turbocharged Seltos scampered its way to 60 mph in 6.9 seconds. We sampled the Seltos with the turbocharged 1.6-liter and found its power to be more than adequate. Kia offers two different four-cylinder engines in the Seltos: a 2.0-liter that makes 147 horsepower or a turbocharged 1.6-liter that pumps out 195 horsepower. All-wheel drive is available as an option for those who need it. It includes faux-leather upholstery, a 10-way power-adjustable driver's seat, heated front seats, a wireless smartphone charging pad, and the new dual-screen infotainment system with in-dash navigation. The SX model comes loaded with almost everything, but the EX is well-equipped, too, and much cheaper. This means, the super petrol comes mated to a 7-speed DCT gearbox, while the diesel motor comes mated to a 6-speed force converter programmed.The best value lies with the Seltos's EX trim. Strikingly, these motors are just accessible with a programmed gearbox choice. It will be available with 1.4-liter super petrol and 1.5-liter diesel engines, anyway with modified transmission. 2021 Kia Seltos X-Line: Engine and Gearbox This implies that the X-Line gets a 10.25-inch touch screen infotainment framework with remote Android Auto and Apple CarPlay, associated vehicle tech, and programmed environment control, ventilated front seats and a sunroof. On the insides, the Seltos X-Line gets new indigo para leatherette upholstery that can be seen on the seats (which likewise gets another honeycomb design) just as the entryway cards. 2021 Kia Seltos X-Line: Interior and Features The 'X-Line' identification on the rear end adds further contrast between the new model and the remainder of the reach. Going to the wheels, the X-Line wears an incredible arrangement of 18-inch amalgam wheels with a matte graphite finish. These gleam dark additions get 'sun orange' highlights on the pallet plates, side entryway trimming and focus covers of the wheels. The greatest outside change is the new 'Restrictive Matte Graphite' paint, which is extraordinary as no other model in the portion offers matte completion paint.įurthermore, Kia has additionally given the X-Line an 'Restrictive Piano Black' (Gloss Black) finish on the front and back slide plates, outside back see mirrors, shark-balance radio wires, rear end embellish and fake exhaust on the back guard. Kia has given a few corrective moves to give the Seltos X-line its character, as Tata has finished with its Dark Edition model. This brings the new X-Line at a higher cost than normal of Rs 15,000 for the petroleum and Rs 25,000 for the diesel variation. The GTX+, which was the top-spec trim till now, costs Rs 17.64 lakh for the petroleum auto and Rs 17.85 lakh for the diesel auto. Offered with 1.4-liter super petroleum and 1.5-liter super diesel. ![]() Rs 15,000-25,000 premium on the standard model.Seltos X-Line gets corrective reports on insides and outsides.Appointments for the new model are open through both Kia's seller organization and their site. Kia had seen the model alongside the Seltos X-Line idea at the 2020 Auto Expo. The Kia Seltos has gotten another top-spec variation as of late disclosed X-Line trim, which is valued at Rs 17.79 lakh for the petrol and Rs 18.10 lakh (ex-display area, India) for the diesel. The Seltos X line is depended upon to dispatch on September 2. The X Line will open over the GT Line variety of the Seltos, which will transform into its new top variety. We like the matte dim finishing on the vehicle. Regardless, it really gets numerous therapeutic updates that give it an unquestionable look. We previously saw it in a surprisingly long time model construction at the 2020 Auto Expo, and honestly, the actually revealed authentic creation variety is a bit sluggish after that. It has been quite a while since the Seltos initially hit the Indian showcase regions, and to give it a slight makeover, Kia has unveiled the new X Line variety. ![]() A minimum of 2 variables and a maximum of 235 were used, although approximately two thirds of methodologies used less than 40 variables. Typically variables were chosen by experts, came from existing statistical datasets and were combined by simple addition with equal weights. Five key approaches were identified in the literature, with the use of hierarchical or deductive indices being the most common. Results: Substantial variety in construction practices of composite indicators of risk, vulnerability and resilience were found. ![]() ![]() Information on the index construction, geographic areas of application, variables used and other relevant data was collected and analysed. Methods: An extensive search of the academic and grey literature was undertaken for composite indicator and scorecard methodologies that addressed multiple/all hazards included social and economic aspects of risk, vulnerability or resilience were sub-national in scope explained the method and variables used focussed on the present-day and, had been tested or implemented. This paper seeks to dramatically expand these efforts by analysing 106 composite indicator methodologies to understand the breadth and depth of practice. Whilst some authors have published reviews of disaster vulnerability, risk and resilience composite indicator methodologies, these have been of a limited nature. Particular attention has been given to the development of composite indices to quantify these concepts mirroring their deployment in other fields such as sustainable development. Introduction: In the past decade significant attention has been given to the development of tools that attempt to measure the vulnerability, risk or resilience of communities to disasters. |
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